The Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (TPOAb) test is a blood test that measures the presence of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPO), an enzyme found in the thyroid gland. These antibodies are produced by the immune system and can interfere with the normal functioning of the thyroid. Elevated levels of TPO antibodies are typically associated with autoimmune thyroid disorders, where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland.
Why the TPOAb Test is Important:
The TPOAb test is mainly used to:
- Diagnose autoimmune thyroid diseases: The presence of high levels of TPO antibodies is a hallmark of autoimmune thyroid diseases including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease:
- Assess thyroid dysfunction: The test is used to investigate symptoms of thyroid disease, such as fatigue, weight changes, hair loss, or changes in temperature sensitivity, particularly if an autoimmune thyroid condition is suspected.
- Monitor patients with known autoimmune thyroid disorders: The test can help track the progression of autoimmune thyroid conditions and assess how well the immune system is attacking the thyroid. It can also be useful in evaluating the response to treatment in conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or Graves’ disease.
Identify risk in pregnancy: Elevated TPO antibodies in pregnant women can increase the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth and postpartum thyroiditis (an inflammation of the thyroid that can occur after childbirth). It is particularly important for women with a history of thyroid disease or symptoms to be tested during pregnancy.
